Robotics and Embedded Systems Foundations

Identify sensing, computation, actuation and power in a robot.

Evidence: A block diagram explains data and energy paths separately.

Build an LED circuit with a current-limiting resistor in simulation.

Evidence: Values and polarity are correct; a supervisor checklist covers physical use.

Read inputs and control outputs with a nonblocking timing loop.

Evidence: A simulated input changes output within a stated response time.

Read sensor values and convert raw measurements to useful units.

Evidence: Calibration against reference values reports observed error.

Compare raw and moving-average readings.

Evidence: A plot explains noise reduction and increased delay.

Control direction and speed through a suitable simulated driver.

Evidence: The design separates logic power from motor current requirements.

Estimate distance from encoder counts and wheel geometry.

Evidence: Computed distance matches a provided synthetic fixture.

Implement proportional or PID control on a simulated plant.

Evidence: A step response reports overshoot and settling behaviour.

Implement idle, move, avoid and fault states.

Evidence: All declared transitions have tested entry and exit conditions.

Combine distance readings with motion control.

Evidence: The robot avoids defined obstacles across five seeded scenarios.

Handle sensor timeout, low-power signal and emergency stop.

Evidence: Motor commands go to a safe state for each injected fault.

Run the robot task and document configuration and limitations.

Evidence: A reproducible demo includes logs and a hardware checklist if applicable.